The huge 250µF (often 330µF) cathode bypass cap on the 1st tube in the JTM45....
The 250uF cap extends the frequency response down to subsonic frequencies.
The subsonic, in turn overloads the next stage (V2 compression stage) resulting in a muddy sort of farting sound quality.
Changing this cap to .68uF or 1 uF (for example) rolls off the subsonic overload.
* If you like to see the frequency response based on the bypass cap, and compare different bypass caps, use this calculator:
www.ampbooks.com
This calculator does not require deep technical knowledge. It's simplified.
- The 1987 adds a 0.68µF bypass cap to the 1st gain stage of V2. This has the effect of boosting gain of this stage compared to the JTM45, but again focuses the extra signal gain towards the mids/highs.
V2: is not a gain stage.
It is a compression stage.
The
sensitivity is boosted, but the gain is not increased, it's decreased.
The output gain of V2 is always LESS than the input of V2. This is because the output of V2 is a cathode follower.
There is a difference between "sensitivity" and "gain." This is really important.
Although people frequently mix the 2 terms up.
More explanation of this to follow.
Adding the bypass cap to V2A increases the frequency response in a certain range. It also causes more subsonic lows to be rolled off.
Again, use the calculator to see this - on a graph:
www.ampbooks.com
A "gain" stage works like this:
Input = s
Output =
S
The stage added gain.
---------------------------------------------------------
But, the V2 stage in a Marshall adds only sensitivity and compression, not gain. The cahode follower subtracts gain.
Like this:
input = S
output = s
Compression: the input reaches a certain level, then the output is limited to a certain level. It cannot go any further.
No matter how hard the input is pushed, the output does not increase.
input is this = s
Or, input is this =
S
But, the V2 output is always this: S
No matter how hard or soft the input of V2 stage is pushed,
the output can only be this = S
It never increases beyond that level.
This is "limiting." Just like a compressor / limiter in a recording studio.
The result:
loud passages or soft passages come out at the same level. That constant audio level is maintained.
It makes very soft passages louder.
It keeps very loud passages from exceeding that same certain limit.
The output of the preamp is "smoothed." Loud and soft comes out at a uniform audio level which never increases or decreases.
You can also call this type of circuit "a compander."
It is a expander, compressor, and a limiter, all at the same time.
A. This is why a Marshall amp is always loud ------ no matter how hard- or soft - you are playing.
B. It makes soft passages louder.
C. It limits loud passages to the same limit as the soft passages.
D. The dynamic range is removed.
Loud and soft come out at ==== the same level.