First rule: doubling the number of speakers gives 3 dB more output. Doubling the power as well - the output voltage increases by just these 3 dB.
In real life, it depends on several factors, especially the efficiency of the speakers.
As a rule of thumb, a 12" speaker has 6dB larger efficiency than an 8" speaker (all of the same impedance, say 8 Ohms). So You need (as the same rule of thumb) a 4x8 cab to compete with the 1x12.
The 4x8 in this example will be 4 Ohms and require more current but less voltage than the 8 Ohms 1x12 cab which the output taps of the OT will happily deliver.
EDIT: the bandwidth of the speaker, foremost its free air low frequency resonance, also has a very noticeable impact on speaker efficiency. The smaller the bandwidth, the larger the efficiency. That's the reason why guitar woofers usually are significantly more efficient than bass woofers of the same size.