Here's my current ESOP experience:
I was hired on, back in June. Sold on the ESOP that it was the "way to go" for making real retirement money and it was much better than a 401k. Since I've never dealt with one before I had a hard time coming up with questions about how it works and how it affected my income. It was explained to me that it was like a 401k but better because the company stock price is valued privately, and since the company was constantly growing, the company stock price has always risen, anywhere from 12% up to 35% per year, with an average of 18% growth rate. That's pretty solid investment numbers. In truth my company's stock eval went up massively this year.
Reality hit this January. We were revalued and everyone in the company was hailing the ESOP program and how much they were making now, and relishing in the returns. I checked my portfolio and saw NO CHANGE. So I started diving into it more. First thing is that any money the company gives up for your ESOP program such as 401k match, profit sharing, etc. goes into a low yield, low risk money market account to be held until the purchase of ESOP stocks.
1. ESOP stocks are purchased once per year in April. The company stock is a fixed quantity. There are only so many shares to go around. So, the only way to get stock is if someone else in the company sells theirs. No one can explain who gets precedent on the available shares. Since there are a fixed amount of stocks with a massive 1000+ employee company, what happens when there's not enough Stocks available to fulfill everyone's purchase in April.
2. ESOP stocks are purchased in April. The evaluation of the stock price change is in January. "The stock price has always risen." So, the price goes up and then you're allocated your stocks a few months later. Higher price means, less purchase power.
3. You cannot sell or trade your stocks with other members. The stocks are sold only after your employment ends. So you either have to retire, or quit/fired to get your ESOP stock money. They are only traded IN APRIL. If you get fired or quit in May, you have to wait until the following April to get your money from the ESOP program. But there's a catch, see #4.
4. When cashing out the ESOP, you only get a portion of the value per year. Your shares are sold over the period of 5 years and you are paid in May for each transaction. You can still accrue ESOP value through the stock evaluation changes and participate in the dividends and profit sharing but those go back into your ESOP account.
5. All bonuses, 401k matches, dividends, profit sharing go to the ESOP stock purchases. There's no election to take some cash in the meantime so you're stuck with the ESOP stocks.
6. Unlike a 401k, you do not have access to your ESOP money. If you need money desperately enough, you can cash out all or a portion of your 401k and depending on the type, pay a penalty but you can get money in a few days time. I used this option several times to pay for my kids college. With the ESOP program you cannot cash out any of the ESOP, but you apply for a loan from the company for the money you need, at an interest rate that is slightly higher than the 401k penalty rate.
In truth, the ESOP for retirement, if you plan on sticking around until that day, is a solid way to invest because, at least in my current company, the stock always goes up at a higher rate than most low-risk investments. However, since it's a stock price, the company is still hyper-focused on that metric. Everything is about raising the evaluation of the stock price, exactly like a publicly traded company. They are beholden to the private firms that evaluate the stock price, which is essentially, a made up number since it's not derived from the trading of said stock.